I believe that the following 3 components must be available to the student for learning to occur:
1. The student must feel comfortable in the learning environment in the sense of being able able to make mistakes as part of the process of learning.
2. The student must understand the big picture. That is, if a student is asked to complete an assignment, there must be a reason why, rather, a way that this assignment will help the student develop in some way.
3. The student must be involved, whether this be in adapting to the student’s learning style, or relating what is learned in the class to interests that the student has outside of the class.